What are Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs)?
Viral harm fevers (VHFs) square measure a bunch of diseases that square measure caused by many distinct families of viruses. The term “viral harm fever” refers to a condition that affects several organ systems of the body, damages the circulatory system, and reduces the body’s ability to perform on its own. Symptoms of this sort of condition will vary however typically embrace injury, or hemorrhaging. Some VHFs cause comparatively gentle ill health, whereas others will cause severe, life threatening malady. Most VHFs haven't any notable cure or immunizing agent.
They are ribonucleic acid viruses, that means viruses that have RNA (RNA) as their genetic material. These viruses square measure the foremost common reason behind rising malady in individuals as a result of ribonucleic acid viruses amendment over time at a high rate.
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They are coated, or engulfed, during a compound protein outer layer, creating it easier to destroy these viruses with physical (heat, sunlight, gamma rays) and chemical (bleach, detergents, solvents) strategies.
They naturally exist in animal or insect populations, named as host populations, and square measure typically restricted to the geographical areas wherever the host species live.
They unfold to individuals once someone encounters an infected animal or insect host. When the initial unfold into the human population, some VHF viruses will still unfold from person-to-person.
Outbreaks of VHFs in individuals may be tough to forestall since they'll occur periodically and can't be simply foretold.
Medical And Anatomical Concept Of The Human Body
Medical terms
- Viral hemorrhagic fevers are infections that can cause severe illness. They can damage the walls of small blood vessels, making them leak and impairing the blood's ability to clot. This results in internal bleeding, which is usually not life-threatening but can be dangerous if not treated quickly. Diseases can come about.
- Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) are caused by viruses that infect various types of cells in the body and replicate in them They cause fever bleeding shock and organ damage VHFs can be spread through contact with an infected person's bodily fluids including blood urine and saliva There are three types of viral hemorrhagic fevers: Lassa fever dengue fever and Ebola virus disease which is also known as Ebola hemorrhagic fever The four most common strains of Lassa virus are endemic to West Africa where they infect about 300,000 people each year Researchers have.
- Viral hemorrhagic fevers are a diverse group of illnesses caused by several viruses The most well-known disease in this category is Ebola virus infection which causes Ebola hemorrhagic fever Infection with the Ebola virus leads to severe fever and intense weakness muscle pain and soreness headache and chills Many also experience severe throat pain vomiting diarrhea abdominal (belly) pain and unexplained bleeding or bruising Ebola hemorrhagic fever can be deadly because it disrupts the blood clotting system As a result patients may experience uncontrolled bleeding inside their bodies as well as outside their bodies.
Some viral hemorrhagic fevers include:
Dengue
Ebola
Lassa
Marburg
Yellow fever
These diseases are most commonly found in tropical areas. When people in the United States get them, it is usually because they recently traveled to one of those areas.
There is no cure for viral hemorrhagic fevers.There are only a few types of vaccines, and the best way to prevent them is to get vaccinated.
How common are viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs)?
Each VHF virus exists solely in geographic areas wherever its host species lives. Most VHF viruses don't occur naturally within the U.S.A., aside from Hantaviruses. These square measures unfold by rodents. In the US, these rodents embrace the wood mouse, wood mouse, the Sigmodon hispidus and therefore the rat.
When individuals jaunt alternative countries, they'll bring infectious agent diseases back to their home countries. throughout illness|a virus|a virulent disease|a pestilence} of filovirus disease (EVD) that affected over twenty eight,000 individuals in geographical area, doctors diagnosed eleven cases of the malady within the U.S.
Symptoms Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs)
The signs and symptoms of viral hemorrhagic fevers vary by the disease. In general, early signs and symptoms can include:
Fever
I'm feeling a bit tired or unwell.
Dizziness
Muscle, bone or joint aches
Nausea and vomiting
Diarrhea
If symptoms become life-threatening, call a doctor.
More-severe symptoms include:
If you see blood coming out of any part of your body, it is likely because something is wrong. Blood can also come from the mouth, eyes, or ears.
Nervous system malfunctions
Coma
Delirium
Kidney failure
Respiratory failure
Liver failure
When to see a doctor
- Clinical Immunology-Allergy
- General/Clinical Pathology
- Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
- Public Health and Preventive Medicine(PhPm)
Before you travel to a developing country, it's a good idea to see your doctor in order to ensure that you have received any available vaccinations and pre-travel advice for staying healthy.
If you develop symptoms after returning from a trip, talk to your doctor. A doctor who is knowledgeable about international medicine or infectious diseases is a good choice. Tell your doctor where you've been and what you've been doing.
Causes Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs)
Viral hemorrhagic fevers are spread when you come into contact with infected animals or insects. These viruses live in a variety of animal and insect hosts, most commonly mosquitoes, ticks, rodents, and bats.
Some viral hemorrhagic fevers can be passed from person to person.
How is it transmitted?
Some viral hemorrhagic fevers can be spread by mosquito or tick bites. Others can be spread through contact with infected body fluids, such as blood saliva or semen. A few varieties of viral hemorrhagic fever can also be inhaled from rat feces or urine.
If you travel to an area where a particular type of virus is common, you can be infected and not experience any symptoms until after you return home. It can take from two to 21 days for symptoms to develop, depending on the virus.
Risk factors Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs)
If you live or travel in an area where a particular viral hemorrhagic fever is common, you are at increased risk of becoming infected with that virus.Some factors that can increase your risk of getting cancer include: -Being exposed to the virus through contact with bodily fluids (such as saliva, mucus, blood, or semen) from an infected person. -Having a weakened immune system due to health problems, recent treatment with antibiotics, or receiving corticosteroids.
Working with infected people
Slaughtering or eating infected animals
Sharing needles to use intravenous drugs
Having unprotected sex
Working in the outdoors or in buildings that are frequented by rats may be dangerous.
Touching or being close to someone with a cold or the flu can make you sick.
Complications Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs)
Viral hemorrhagic fevers can cause:
Septic shock
Multiorgan failure
Death
Prevention Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs)
It is difficult to prevent viral hemorrhagic fevers. If you live in or travel to areas where these diseases are common, take appropriate precautions to protect yourself, such as wearing gloves and eye and face shields. Make sure to handle specimens and waste carefully so that they are properly disinfected and disposed of.
Get vaccinated
The yellow fever vaccine is generally considered safe, but in rare cases side effects can occur. The vaccine is not recommended for children younger than 9 months old; pregnant women during the first trimester; or people who have compromised immune systems. The systems described in this passage are ways of doing things.
There are also vaccines that protect against different types of Ebola. You can find this information at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Make sure to check the status of the countries you're visiting before travel - some require proof of vaccine protection.
Avoid mosquitoes and ticks
When traveling in areas where there are outbreaks of viral hemorrhagic fevers, avoid these insects as much as possible. Wear light-colored clothing so you will not be easily seen by these pests. Also, avoid applying permethrin directly to your skin - it will only make the situation worse.
When mosquitoes are most active, try to avoid being outside at dusk and dawn. Apply mosquito repellent with a concentration of 20% to 25% DEET to your skin and clothing. If you're staying in a tent or hotel, use bed nets and mosquito coils.
Guard against rodents
If you live in an area where there are outbreaks of viral hemorrhagic fevers, take steps to keep rodents out of your home:
Store pet food in containers that are rodent-proof. Cover the food with a lid or cover to keep it from being eaten by rodents.
Put away trash in containers that are rodent-proof and clean the containers often.
Dispose of garbage regularly.
Make sure screens on doors and windows are securely fastened.
Make sure your woodpile is at least 100 feet away from your house.
Mow your lawn close to your house and keep the brush around your house trimmed down to 100 feet.
Is there a vaccine for hemorrhagic fever?
There is currently no vaccine available for hemorrhagic fever It’s also not known how people become infected nor what their risk of exposure to viruses and bacteria that cause these illnesses are There isn’t even a single-dose treatment for the disease Instead doctors focus on treating symptoms such as nausea and vomiting which can be very dangerous if left untreated However doctors typically give their patients an anti-vomiting drug called benzodiazepines first in order to prevent dehydration The disease is then managed by suppressing symptoms such as fever and maintaining fluid levels by giving intravenous fluids or even hospitalizing people who.
How are viral hemorrhagic fevers transmitted?
Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHF) are a group of severe infectious diseases caused by various types of viruses that result in fever bleeding and shock Usually transmitted to people through tick or mosquito bites animal contact or by human-to-human contact the different forms of VHF are often hard to diagnose and treat The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends preventing tick bites with steps such as using repellents and avoiding wooded areas with high grass and leaf litter It is also important to avoid any contact with wild animals especially those in rural communities where these illnesses are more prevalent.
What are two types of hemorrhagic fever?
Hemorrhagic fevers are caused by several viruses and bacteria These include Ebola Lassa fever Marburg virus disease and yellow fever Hemorrhagic fevers are a very serious form of illness due to the extreme symptoms that develop in some cases after exposure to the infectious agent There are two types of hemorrhagic fevers: classic and severe forms The classic form includes shock bleeding from mucous membranes and blood vessels in the body nosebleeds (epistaxis) low white blood cell count (leukopenia) high levels of liver enzymes and abnormal kidney function The severe form is.
What is the mortality rate of hemorrhagic fever?
Hemorrhagic fever is one of the most severe viral infections in humans Some hemorrhagic fevers are more deadly than others For example Ebola and Marburg can kill up to 90 percent of people infected with them In lesser-known diseases such as Lassa fever the death rate is less than 5 percent Despite these differences all hemorrhagic fevers share common symptoms that may include fever general aches and pains in muscles and joints and fatigue.
Is hemorrhagic fevers viral or bacterial?
Hemorrhagic fevers are caused by viral bacterial and parasitic infections Most of the types of hemorrhagic fevers are viral They spread through the bite of an infected mosquito or tick contaminated food or water or through direct contact with a sick person's fluids Viral hemorrhagic fevers include dengue fever yellow fever and Marburg virus disease while viral hepatitis is occasionally fatal in some cases The Ebola virus is also one such hemorrhagic fever that targets humans and animals in Africa; it causes severe internal bleeding before killing its host.
Diagnosis Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs)
It can be difficult to determine the cause of a viral hemorrhagic fever in the early stages of illness, as the early signs and symptoms are common to many other diseases.
Tell your doctor about your medical history and travel experiences, as well as any exposure you might have had to rodents or mosquitoes. Include the countries you've visited and the dates. This will help with your diagnosis.
To confirm a diagnosis for a viral hemorrhagic fever, a lab test will usually be needed. Viral hemorrhagic fevers are particularly infectious and can be easily spread, so these tests are typically done in specialized labs under strict safety precautions.
Treatment Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs)
There is no cure for viral hemorrhagic fevers. However, vaccinations exist for a few types of viruses. The best approach is to prevent them by following good hygiene and health practices. Treatment usually revolves around providing supportive care.
Medications
There is no specific treatment for most viral hemorrhagic fevers, but antiviral drugs such as Ribavirin (Rebetol Virazole) might shorten the course of some infections and prevent complications in some people. Other medications are currently being developed.
Therapy
You need to take care of yourself in order to prevent dehydration. You might need fluids to maintain your balance of minerals, which are crucial for nerve and muscle function.
Surgical and other procedures
Some people might need kidney dialysis when their kidneys fail. This process removes wastes from the blood.
General summary
- Viral hemorrhagic fevers are viruses that infect a person's blood kidneys and lungs These viruses include dengue fever yellow fever and Ebola There is no cure for these diseases but they can be treated to prevent death or organ failure People who contract the disease can become ill quickly and have symptoms ranging from mild to life-threatening For example those with mild dengue may experience chills headaches nausea and pain in their joints Severe dengue presents much more dangerous symptoms like bleeding under the skin and internal organs along with bruising that does not go away without blood transfusions There is.
- You may need to see a health care provider if you have symptoms of viral hemorrhagic fever Your doctor will ask questions about your recent travel and activities to help determine whether or not you have been exposed to a potentially infectious animal or person They may also test your blood for markers of viral hemorrhagic fever such as an antibody called anti-genome nucleocapsid protein (anti-NLS) If the blood test is positive another sample will be taken from you for further testing to confirm the diagnosis As there is no specific treatment for viral haemorrhagic fevers doctors recommend rest and fluids until.